Borgward is definitely an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the still three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses and also led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from organizations he had acquired over time to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which finally proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production to the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such because air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies including Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its size, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after your creditors were paid 100 %, there was still four. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the businesses demise. The widest range regarding cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers inside 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump popular for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further just one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment your senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied law at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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