Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the business in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses along with led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from corporations he had acquired through the years to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for your life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such seeing that air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies like Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale and kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its measurement, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after this creditors were paid entirely, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared inside Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the business's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television studies. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers with 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by a North American slump successful for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment your senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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