Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the scope of his auto business, and he took control from it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the still three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses as well as led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from firms he had acquired through the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the expansion of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production with the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such while air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimension, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after this creditors were paid fully, there was still four. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared within Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the company's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers inside 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by the North American slump popular for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further one particular million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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