Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the company's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the particular scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of it.
Borgward BX7 at Frankfurt
The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and also led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from firms he had acquired through the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the proliferation of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production with the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such as air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its size, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the creditors were paid entirely, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared in Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the firm's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television studies. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers inside 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by a North American slump popular for imported cars through 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further just one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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