Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the business in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the particular scope of his vehicle business, and he took control from it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses as well as led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from corporations he had acquired in recent times to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for that life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such while air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies including Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its dimensions, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after this creditors were paid 100 %, there was still some. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared with Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the firm's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit with a North American slump sought after for imported cars through 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further just one million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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