Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the scope of his auto business, and he took control of the usb ports.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the however three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses and also led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from businesses he had acquired over the years to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the spreading of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production to the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such as air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its size, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic price reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the creditors were paid completely, there was still some. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared within Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the company's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers inside 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by way of North American slump widely used for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one particular million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied law at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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