Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the scope of his automobile business, and he took control of computer.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the even now three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and also led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from firms he had acquired through the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production to the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such as air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies like Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its size, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the creditors were paid fully, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared within Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the business's demise. The widest range of cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of North American slump popular for imported cars during 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment your senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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