Borgward is definitely an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the company's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his auto business, and he took control from it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses as well as led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from businesses he had acquired in recent times to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production to the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such seeing that air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its measurement, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic price reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the actual creditors were paid completely, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared inside Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the company's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television stories. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers in 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump sought after for imported cars through 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment your senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU get together, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
Voici ciaprès les résultats des difficiles délibérations dujury:
Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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