Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand your scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of computer.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the even now three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses as well as led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from companies he had acquired in recent times to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for that life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such since air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its sizing, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after your creditors were paid entirely, there was still several. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared in Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the businesses demise. The widest range of cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover of only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television reports. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers with 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by way of North American slump widely used for imported cars through 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further just one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied rules at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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