Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the business's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand your scope of his car business, and he took control than it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the still three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from companies he had acquired through the years to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production with the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such while air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies like Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its sizing, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after this creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared inside Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range of cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television reports. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by the North American slump sought after for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Het interieur van de Isabella uit 1959.
Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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