Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the place in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the actual scope of his automotive business, and he took control from it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the still three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses as well as led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from organizations he had acquired through the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation did not come naturally the growth of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production with the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such seeing that air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its measurement, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the actual creditors were paid fully, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared within Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the business's demise. The widest range involving cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover of only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers in 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by a North American slump popular for imported cars while in 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further a single million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment your senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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