Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the business's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand the scope of his automotive business, and he took control of computer.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from businesses he had acquired through the years to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the spreading of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for your life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such since air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies like Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its size, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after the creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers inside 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by a North American slump popular for imported cars through 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further a single million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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