Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the particular scope of his automotive business, and he took control from it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses in addition to led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from firms he had acquired in recent times to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for your life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such seeing that air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its sizing, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the actual creditors were paid fully, there was still four. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the company's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television stories. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump sought after for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one particular million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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