Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the business's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand this scope of his automotive business, and he took control of the usb ports.
The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses and led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from firms he had acquired over time to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the expansion of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production for that life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such while air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its size, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after your creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared with Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the business's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television studies. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers within 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump widely used for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further just one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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