Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand your scope of his auto business, and he took control than it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses along with led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from businesses he had acquired in recent times to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the growth of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production to the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such since air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies including Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its sizing, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after the creditors were paid completely, there was still four. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared within Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the company's demise. The widest range involving cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers in 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump widely used for imported cars during 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment this senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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