Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand this scope of his automotive business, and he took control of it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses as well as led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from businesses he had acquired over time to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such while air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies like Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the actual creditors were paid entirely, there was still four. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared within Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the company's demise. The widest range of cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers in 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by way of North American slump in demand for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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