Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the scope of his car business, and he took control from it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses and led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from firms he had acquired over time to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such because air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies including Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its sizing, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 4. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared within Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the business's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover of only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television studies. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers with 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit with a North American slump successful for imported cars while in 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied law at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU party, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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