Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his automotive business, and he took control than it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses along with led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from organizations he had acquired over time to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the growth of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for that life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such since air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its dimension, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after your creditors were paid completely, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared in Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the company's demise. The widest range of cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by a North American slump widely used for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further a single million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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