Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the business's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the actual scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of computer.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses and also led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from businesses he had acquired in the past to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the expansion of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production to the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such since air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies including Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its dimension, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after this creditors were paid fully, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared inside Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the company's demise. The widest range of cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers inside 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by the North American slump in demand for imported cars while in 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment your senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied rules at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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