Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the business's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand this scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the even now three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses as well as led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from firms he had acquired over the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for that life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such because air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies like Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimensions, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the actual creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared in Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the firm's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television stories. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers in 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit with a North American slump popular for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further just one million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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