Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand your scope of his auto business, and he took control than it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses in addition to led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from firms he had acquired through the years to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the growth of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which finally proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for your life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such since air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies like Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its dimension, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox glitches. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the actual creditors were paid fully, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television reports. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers within 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these people) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by way of North American slump widely used for imported cars while in 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further 1 million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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