Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the company's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand this scope of his car business, and he took control of it.
BORGWARD BX7 / BX7 TS BORGWARD
The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from firms he had acquired through the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the growth of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production for the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such seeing that air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies including Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its sizing, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic price reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the particular creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared within Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the firm's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers within 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump widely used for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further just one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
BORGWARD BX7 / BX7 TS BORGWARD
About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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