Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the scope of his vehicle business, and he took control than it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses along with led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from corporations he had acquired over time to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which finally proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for that life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such since air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its sizing, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after your creditors were paid completely, there was still some. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared inside Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the businesses demise. The widest range associated with cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television reports. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers in 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by way of North American slump in demand for imported cars during 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further a single million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment the senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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