Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of computer.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the however three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses as well as led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from firms he had acquired over time to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for your life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such while air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its measurement, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after the actual creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 5. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared with Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the company's demise. The widest range of cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by the North American slump popular for imported cars during 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached your banker for a further a single million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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