Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the business's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand the particular scope of his auto business, and he took control than it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the still three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses in addition to led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from organizations he had acquired in recent times to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation would not come naturally the expansion of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for that life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such while air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its sizing, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic price reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the particular creditors were paid in full, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the firm's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover of only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television stories. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers within 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by the North American slump popular for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further a single million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment this senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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