Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand your scope of his automobile business, and he took control than it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses in addition to led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from companies he had acquired through the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production for the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such because air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale and also kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its sizing, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the actual creditors were paid in full, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared inside Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the business's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover of only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television studies. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers inside 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by the North American slump widely used for imported cars through 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further 1 million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment your senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler with whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied law at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
From left to right Borgward Isabella TS, Hansa 1500 and Lloyd
Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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