Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the business in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his automobile business, and he took control of the usb ports.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the still three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses along with led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from organizations he had acquired through the years to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation would not come naturally the expansion of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening in the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production with the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such seeing that air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its dimension, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the particular creditors were paid 100 %, there was still some. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared in Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on 18 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the company's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television reports. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers inside 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by the North American slump successful for imported cars during 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further one particular million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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