Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of automobiles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car throughout over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the scope of his automotive business, and he took control of it.
The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses in addition to led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from corporations he had acquired over the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the proliferation of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production to the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such since air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and also kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimensions, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic price reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after your creditors were paid in full, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared within Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the firm's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover of only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television studies. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers in 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by way of North American slump popular for imported cars while in 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one particular million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment your senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied law at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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