Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the business in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself connected with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the particular scope of his automobile business, and he took control than it.
The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the even now three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses and led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the identify was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from firms he had acquired over time to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the proliferation of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which finally proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for your life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such as air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its measurement, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic price reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after your creditors were paid in full, there was still four. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared in Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the businesses demise. The widest range associated with cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified products featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers inside 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by way of North American slump successful for imported cars while in 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one particular million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators for you to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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