Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his vehicle business, and he took control than it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses as well as led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from corporations he had acquired in recent times to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the spreading of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production with the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such since air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its dimensions, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after your creditors were paid completely, there was still 5. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared with Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly essential of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the businesses demise. The widest range connected with cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovations ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television studies. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers with 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by a North American slump popular for imported cars while in 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further just one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied law at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors in the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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