Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the business's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the building blocks in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand this scope of his automotive business, and he took control than it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses and also led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from firms he had acquired over the years to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the growth of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production with the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such seeing that air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its dimension, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic cost reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the particular creditors were paid entirely, there was still 4. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared inside Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the company's demise. The widest range involving cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by the North American slump successful for imported cars through 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further just one million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment this senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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