Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the scope of his automobile business, and he took control of computer.
The first "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success out there gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from corporations he had acquired through the years to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for your life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such as air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its measurement, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after this creditors were paid fully, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared in Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the businesses demise. The widest range involving cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties towards the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently should they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the us market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by a North American slump sought after for imported cars through 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further just one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators agreed to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied rules at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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