Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the actual scope of his car business, and he took control of it.
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The primary "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of tiny three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Leading. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses along with led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from companies he had acquired through the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the amount of steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation did not come naturally the expansion of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such while air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to gain market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its measurement, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as articulation development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the particular creditors were paid fully, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the firm's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover of only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers within 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit by way of North American slump in demand for imported cars while in 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one particular million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment your senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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