Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd automobile. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his car business, and he took control than it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from corporations he had acquired in the past to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the expansion of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production with the life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such as air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the actual creditors were paid completely, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared in Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's enterprise approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the firm's demise. The widest range involving cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth situation among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified designs featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television reports. Critical media commentaries furthermore appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more seasons than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers with 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by a North American slump successful for imported cars while in 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further 1 million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment your senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU get together, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 and also 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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