Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the company's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business go back to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand this scope of his auto business, and he took control from it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses as well as led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from firms he had acquired over the years to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the growth of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which in the long run proved financially unsustainable with all the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production to the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such while air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its dimensions, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by loan companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after this creditors were paid 100 %, there was still some. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared inside Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the company's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover of only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in case more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television studies. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing in Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit with a North American slump sought after for imported cars through 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
Borgward cars have competed in prestigious motorsport events including
By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment this senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he had himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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