Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the company's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the particular scope of his automobile business, and he took control from it.
Borgward BX7 at Frankfurt
The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the even now three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses along with led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from companies he had acquired in the past to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company displayed the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for your life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such since air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its sizing, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic price reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the particular creditors were paid in full, there was still some. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared with Germany's leading news magazine, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the company's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) was supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto corporations only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their particular expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the conclusion of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers in 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump widely used for imported cars during 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further one particular million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on 4 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied rules at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory table would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
Borgward BX7
About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” get suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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