Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the overseer of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses in addition to led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from corporations he had acquired through the years to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the growth of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production for that life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such while air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and also kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even greater than necessary for its size, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after this creditors were paid completely, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared inside Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted through a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the business's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television reports. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers in 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by a North American slump widely used for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Right at the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further just one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler within a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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