Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the business in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and from the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand your scope of his auto business, and he took control from it.
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The initial "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the still three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from companies he had acquired in the past to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of many top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for your life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such because air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies like Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale and kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its sizing, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems for example water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after the creditors were paid completely, there was still several. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared with Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many from the arguments later advanced to describe or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range involving cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article hasn't been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was more than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers within 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by a North American slump widely used for imported cars during 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further just one million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied law at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the company to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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