Borgward is definitely an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has since been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the particular 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the particular scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of computer.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward developed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of little three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and also led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from firms he had acquired in recent times to found three different companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production for the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers in the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such while air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies like Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its sizing, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car although it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died throughout July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after the creditors were paid entirely, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the businesses demise. The widest range associated with cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation of new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or submit delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward currently: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent which the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in the first summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers inside 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit with a North American slump sought after for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one particular million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment this senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy in the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice towards breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that most likely included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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