Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the place in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and through the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the actual scope of his automobile business, and he took control than it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward made was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having been able to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses along with led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the fresh Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from corporations he had acquired over the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for that life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a number of F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such since air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing in the marketplace. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its dimensions, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as shared development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the actual creditors were paid entirely, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared inside Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the company's demise. The widest range involving cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided through the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers with 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the one European auto maker hit by a North American slump popular for imported cars while in 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one particular million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported within a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by this time based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position inside the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for your establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of his very own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to be able to survive.
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