Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group created four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese language investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the opportunity greatly to expand the particular scope of his car business, and he took control than it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered some of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the even now three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 as well as 7 hp Goliath Master. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses as well as led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the name was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was as well as the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from businesses he had acquired in recent times to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the spreading of legal entities on the other hand added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a brand of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these being a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties from the German market such as air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies similar to Opel and VW took advantage of economies of scale and kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic price reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was required into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after this creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared inside Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range involving cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover of only 650 million Signifies, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto businesses only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers with 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by the North American slump popular for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further 1 million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment the senators withdrew their assure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to this senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s career. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginning, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician and the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position inside Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the dispute that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for the court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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