Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen in Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of cars and trucks: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his partner Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the corporation's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel from the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car or truck. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a possibility greatly to expand your scope of his auto business, and he took control of it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses along with led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that continued to be in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from businesses he had acquired in the past to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quantity of steel allocated to his business at a time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the lenders would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the expansion of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.On the list of top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella began in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production to the life of the corporation. In 1960 the Borgward P100 has been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by some F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such as air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale along with kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even more than necessary for its size, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies rather than implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems likewise. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with front wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pushed into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the particular creditors were paid 100 %, there was still 4. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Stories of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeating Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s front cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's small business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the businesses demise. The widest range associated with cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto firms only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified types featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive expenses for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their sources that are to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild paper and in television stories. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided with the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside the 1950s/60s was more in season than today, with sales diminishing with Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers in 1960 (and from the 12, 000 delivered to these) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in North american demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by a North American slump sought after for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one particular million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed with a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators consented to provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy of the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied law at university and worked initially like a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he got himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU gathering, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory mother board would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November because of the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any goal of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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