Borgward is an automobile manufacturer originally founded by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen with Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Show.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand this scope of his automobile business, and he took control from it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had nowadays evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses in addition to led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand-new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from firms he had acquired over time to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated with a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the proliferation of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which in the end proved financially unsustainable with the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for that life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinct 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties in the German market such as air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies including Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its dimension, as it basically operated as four tiny independent companies and never implemented such basic price reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true inside the sense that after this creditors were paid in full, there was still some. 5 million Marks left from the business.
Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared within Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entrance cover. It was strongly crucial of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range regarding cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous businesses (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Scars, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or chop down apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or post delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article had not been the only serious open public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television reports. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided by the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers with 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by a North American slump widely used for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back mid-Atlantic because the docks in The big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further just one million Marks of credit history, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the corporation itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe as a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated in to English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially to be a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU party, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 as well as 1953. Despite his Hamburg beginnings, Semler was by these times based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the hot debate that followed the Borgward individual bankruptcy.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the actual supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while concurrently protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have got suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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