Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of cars: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the company's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at the actual 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to form the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and by the late 1920s faced bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the actual scope of his vehicle business, and he took control of computer.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had chances are evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or maybe 7 hp Goliath Leader. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses and also led the development of the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from businesses he had acquired over time to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes nokia's would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation failed to come naturally the expansion of legal entities nevertheless added unhelpful layers of complexity from the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company presented the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most in-demand model and remained in production for your life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these learning to be a successful Formula Two power unit (which has been also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such seeing that air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies like Opel and VW took benefit from economies of scale and kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its measurement, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic price reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true from the sense that after the particular creditors were paid 100 %, there was still four. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within the article that appeared within Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on 15 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the firm's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any manufacturer in Germany, produced by three right up until recently operationally autonomous corporations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Represents, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which excessively did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their in the past to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television reports. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans for the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses including auto manufacturing use their expensive machines and tools most efficiently when they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in earlier summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers with 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump popular for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the lender for a further one million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on some February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate in addition insisted on appointing a nominee as chairman from the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s vocation. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a leading Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests associated with creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath businesses were declared bankrupt, followed in November from the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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