Borgward is usually an automobile manufacturer originally started by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the 1960s. The Borgward group developed four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has due to the fact been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the company's first new car in over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business resume 1905 with the place in nearby Varel with the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to make the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced a bankruptcy proceeding. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand this scope of his auto business, and he took control of it.
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The first "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 3 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget ordered for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the nonetheless three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his focus on the other businesses along with led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from firms he had acquired over the years to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the proliferation of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which finally proved financially unsustainable using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company introduced the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production for your life of the firm. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such while air suspension and computerized transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale and also kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its dimensions, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic price tag reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing relating to the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with entry wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive in comparison with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by credit card companies. Carl Borgward died with July 1963, still insisting the company have been technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after your creditors were paid entirely, there was still 5. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's business approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to explain or justify the firm's demise. The widest range connected with cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover associated with only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value in the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence by using an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") gave rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or fell into apart, resulting in massive payments for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward presently: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also turned up in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries in addition appeared concerning large loans towards Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly with full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more temporary than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth programs, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that with the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered from the North American dealers inside 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to become taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by way of North American slump successful for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the conclusion of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further 1 million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by the guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its own nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they select was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice for the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a respected Hamburg political family, in 1945 he experienced himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 and 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician along with the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler as the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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On 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of your supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business enterprise to continue to trade while while doing so protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses for you to survive.
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