Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally created by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in your 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his spouse Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Chinese investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at this 2015 International Motor Demonstrate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the foundation in Bremen itself associated with "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economic situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced chapter 7. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator from the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented the possibility greatly to expand the particular scope of his automobile business, and he took control of it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward intended was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Co. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or perhaps 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses in addition to led the development with the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 as well as in 1939 the brand was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was accompanied by the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a lot of the brand names from firms he had acquired over the years to found three distinct companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business each time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the spreading of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity throughout the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward by 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most widely used model and remained in production with the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 was introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a type of 1500 cc sports racers inside late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside German market such seeing that air suspension and intelligent transmission, the company had trouble competing available on the market. While larger companies just like Opel and VW took good thing about economies of scale along with kept their prices low to achieve market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its sizing, as it basically handled as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic expense reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems as well. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced being a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems for instance water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car even though it was more expensive compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by lenders. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true within the sense that after the actual creditors were paid entirely, there was still some. 5 million Marks left over from the business.
Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in an article that appeared inside Germany's leading news journal, “Der Spiegel” on age 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted with a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many with the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the business's demise. The widest range associated with cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover connected with only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value through the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence while on an increasingly manic proliferation involving new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") presented rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article was not the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspaper and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries also appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties by the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for instance auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe in the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in their early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was above usual, reflecting ambitious growth options, most obviously in respect of the united states market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that of the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered because of the North American dealers with 1960 (and of the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in Us demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit by the North American slump popular for imported cars through 1960. In the same 12 months two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in New york were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further just one million Marks of credit rating, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood regarding critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their promise. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on 5 February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate likewise insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman in the company’s supervisory board. The man they chose was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe like a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated into English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially being a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding member of the centre-right CSU party, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg sources, Semler was by on this occasion based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in the top administrative position from the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory panel would, in retrospect, contribute to the conflict that followed the Borgward chapter 7.
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Upon 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the supervisory board joined the directors of the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for just a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests regarding creditors. [16] Two months afterwards, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of his or her own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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