Borgward is surely an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in the particular 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has given that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Oriental investment, and unveiled the businesses first new car within over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the organization in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the walls in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial status then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator in the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand the scope of his automotive business, and he took control than it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of small three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success available in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the representative of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the opportunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Corp. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had right now evolved into the however three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and also led the development on the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the new Hansa Borgward 2000 and also in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was then the Borgward 2300that stayed in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used some of the brand names from corporations he had acquired in the past to found three independent companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the number of steel allocated to his business at the same time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run as a single entity, but in a business operated by way of a man to whom delegation would not come naturally the proliferation of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening on the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.Among the top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's hottest model and remained in production for your life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 seemed to be introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers from the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (which was also used by a few F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such since air suspension and automated transmission, the company had trouble competing in the market. While larger companies including Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale and kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its dimension, as it basically managed as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic price reduction strategies as joint development and parts sharing between the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems also. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced like a water-cooled boxer with the front wheel drive, but plagued with problems including water leakage and gearbox secrets. Lloyd lost money on the car just about the most was more expensive as compared to its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died in July 1963, still insisting the company had been technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the particular creditors were paid fully, there was still several. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Accounts of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in a article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repeated Spiegel article was highlighted by using a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s top cover. It was strongly important of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to go into detail or justify the business's demise. The widest range involving cars from any company in Germany, produced by three until finally recently operationally autonomous organizations (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) ended up being supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value from the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth place among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological enhancements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") offered rise to components which all too often did not work, broke down or dropped apart, resulting in massive charges for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious community criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (in the event that more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild magazine and in television studies. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans on the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent that this business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses like auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly in full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing throughout Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars at the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers throughout 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have being taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not the only real European auto maker hit by way of a North American slump popular for imported cars throughout 1960. In the same yr two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned back in mid-Atlantic because the docks in Ny were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the financial institution for a further just one million Marks of credit ratings, the loan to be backed by way of guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators opted for provide. However, following the flood of critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their guarantee. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the business itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in a very still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman on the company’s supervisory board. The man they selected was Johannes Semler which reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s job. He had studied legislation at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU get together, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 in addition to 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts in the Bavarian establishment that almost certainly included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a very top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators in order to chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward a bankruptcy proceeding.
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In 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of the particular supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings with the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the organization to continue to trade while simultaneously protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months after, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath companies were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” possess suggested that Semler, for reasons of his own, never had any intent of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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