Borgward is definitely an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen inside Germany, ceased operations in the actual 1960s. The Borgward group made four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grand son, Christian Borgward, together with his lover Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from China investment, and unveiled the firm's first new car inside over 40 years, the BX7 at the 2015 International Motor Present.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back on 1905 with the business in nearby Varel in the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself of "Namag", maker of the Lloyd auto. These two businesses merged in 1914 in order to create the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial crisis then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced individual bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator of the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented an opportunity greatly to expand this scope of his car business, and he took control of it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (turbo cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with a couple of hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget got it for delivery. The Reichspost ordered many for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having had the oppertunity to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the still three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Founder. Borgward turned his attention to the other businesses and also led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 and in 1939 the label was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was followed by the Borgward 2300that continued in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a few of the brand names from corporations he had acquired over time to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the businesses would be run like a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation wouldn't come naturally the growth of legal entities however added unhelpful layers of complexity through the 1950s and encouraged a broadening with the range which finally proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward coming from 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella commenced in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for the life of the organization. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these to become successful Formula Two power unit (that is also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties within the German market such while air suspension and automatic transmission, the company had trouble competing available. While larger companies including Opel and VW took selling point of economies of scale and kept their prices low to get market share, Borgward's cost structure was even higher than necessary for its measurement, as it basically run as four tiny independent companies and don't implemented such basic charge reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing involving the company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with entrance wheel drive, but plagued with problems like water leakage and gearbox snags. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was forced into liquidation by collectors. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company were being technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the actual creditors were paid completely, there was still four. 5 million Marks remaining from the business.
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Studies of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared with Germany's leading news publication, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places recurring Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly vital of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many in the arguments later advanced to spellout or justify the business's demise. The widest range of cars from any maker in Germany, produced by three till recently operationally autonomous firms (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) seemed to be supporting a turnover regarding only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth position among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence when using increasingly manic proliferation associated with new and modified models featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological improvements ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") provided rise to components which too much did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or article delivery warranty work that found their long ago to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article has not been the only serious open criticism targeting Borgward right now: suddenly stridently negative (if more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television accounts. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided because of the local Landesbank.It is apparent that the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses for example auto manufacturing use the expensive machines and tools most efficiently if they use them constantly on full capacity, but the car market in Europe from the 1950s/60s was more seasonal than today, with sales diminishing inside Winter, then peaking in the early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars towards the end of 1960 was beyond usual, reflecting ambitious growth ideas, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that from the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered through the North American dealers with 1960 (and in the 12, 000 delivered to them) 6, 000 might have to be taken back following a slump in American demand. (Borgward was not really the only European auto maker hit with a North American slump sought after for imported cars in the course of 1960. In the same calendar year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned the government financial aid mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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At the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further just one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by way of a guarantee from the Bremen local government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood involving critical press comment the actual senators withdrew their ensure. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the organization itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported in the still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the particular senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy on the business.The Bremen Senate furthermore insisted on appointing its nominee as chairman with the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided to go with was Johannes Semler who reports generally describe as being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice towards the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied rules at university and worked initially as being a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts within the Bavarian establishment that possibly included fellow CSU politician plus the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler inside a top administrative position in the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler since the representative of the Bremen senators to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors from the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for any court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests connected with creditors. [16] Two months later, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath organizations were declared bankrupt, followed in November through the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of her own, never had any purpose of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses in order to survive.
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