Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally launched by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen within Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group generated four brands of vehicles: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has considering that been revived by Carl Borgward's grandson, Christian Borgward, together with his companion Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the company's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Indicate.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business return to 1905 with the institution in nearby Varel on the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the inspiration in Bremen itself regarding "Namag", maker of the Lloyd vehicle. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled financial situation then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and with the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator on the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the actual scope of his automobile business, and he took control from it.
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The very first "automobile" Carl Borgward created was the 1924 Blitzkarren (lightning cart), a sort of very small three-wheeled van with 2 hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success already in the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget bought for delivery. The Reichspost ordered most of them for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the movie director of Hansa Lloyd AG having gotten to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had can't evolved into the nevertheless three wheeler timber framed synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his care about the other businesses in addition to led the development from the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the completely new Hansa Borgward 2000 along with in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that always been in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used a number of the brand names from businesses he had acquired in the past to found three individual companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase the quality of steel allocated to his business during a period of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the firms would be run as being a single entity, but in a business operated by a man to whom delegation did not come naturally the spreading of legal entities nonetheless added unhelpful layers of complexity over the 1950s and encouraged a broadening from the range which eventually proved financially unsustainable while using the sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company offered the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of several top engineers at Borgward via 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella begun in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most popular model and remained in production for the life of the business. In 1960 the Borgward P100 had been introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a distinctive line of 1500 cc sports racers within the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these becoming a successful Formula Two power unit (that was also used by many F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such while air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies including Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale in addition to kept their prices low to realize market share, Borgward's cost structure was even above necessary for its measurement, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and do not implemented such basic price reduction strategies as mutual development and parts sharing between company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems too. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced as being a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox mistakes. Lloyd lost money on the car community . was more expensive than its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was pressured into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died within July 1963, still insisting the company ended up technically solvent. This proved to be true in the sense that after the creditors were paid completely, there was still 4. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reviews of difficulties at Borgward surfaced within an article that appeared throughout Germany's leading news mag, “Der Spiegel” on fourteen December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places repetitive Spiegel article was highlighted by way of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s the front cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's company approach, and included many on the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the corporation's demise. The widest range involving cars from any producer in Germany, produced by three until recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) has been supporting a turnover involving only 650 million Marks, placing the overall sales value from your combined Borgward auto companies only in fifth placement among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence with an increasingly manic proliferation regarding new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological inventions ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which too often did not work, broke down or fell apart, resulting in massive bills for pre-delivery remediation and/or write-up delivery warranty work that found their made use of to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward at the moment: suddenly stridently negative (when more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild newspapers and in television studies. Critical media commentaries additionally appeared concerning large loans to the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties right at the end of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use their own expensive machines and tools most efficiently as long as they use them constantly at full capacity, but the car market in Europe within the 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars right at the end of 1960 was higher than usual, reflecting ambitious growth strategies, most obviously in respect of north america market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that on the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered with the North American dealers in 1960 (and with the 12, 000 delivered to all of them) 6, 000 might have to get taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the sole European auto maker hit with a North American slump widely used for imported cars while in 1960. In the same season two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Big apple were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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By the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the bank for a further one million Marks of credit score, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided provide. However, following the flood connected with critical press comment your senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge the company itself to the state in return for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to the actual senate’s terms on several February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy with the business.The Bremen Senate additionally insisted on appointing its very own nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler whom reports generally describe to be a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated directly into English, does less than full justice on the breadth of Semler’s profession. He had studied regulation at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a number one Hamburg political family, in 1945 he received himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU celebration, and was a person in the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg origins, Semler was by now based in Munich, with a network of contacts from the Bavarian establishment that probably included fellow CSU politician as well as the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler for the reason that representative of the Bremen senators to be able to chair the Borgward supervisory board would, in retrospect, contribute to the debate that followed the Borgward bankruptcy.
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With 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors on the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings to the establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided for a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling the business to continue to trade while as well protecting the interests of creditors. [16] Two months in the future, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath corporations were declared bankrupt, followed in November by the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” have suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any intention of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to survive.
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