Borgward can be an automobile manufacturer originally set up by Carl F. W. Borgward. The original company, based in Bremen throughout Germany, ceased operations in this 1960s. The Borgward group produced four brands of autos: Borgward, Hansa, Goliath and Lloyd.The marque has because been revived by Carl Borgward's son, Christian Borgward, together with his associate Karlheinz L. Knöss, with assistance from Far east investment, and unveiled the business's first new car with over 40 years, the BX7 at your 2015 International Motor Display.The origins of Bremen's most significant auto-business get back to 1905 with the establishment in nearby Varel of the "Hansa Automobilgesellschaft" and the muse in Bremen itself involving "Namag", maker of the Lloyd car. These two businesses merged in 1914 to the "Hansa-Lloyd-Werke A. G. ". After the war, in the troubled economy then confronting Germany, the business failed to prosper and because of the late 1920s faced personal bankruptcy. For Carl Borgward, already the successful creator with the Goliath-Blitzkarren business, the misfortunes of Hansa-Lloyd presented a chance greatly to expand the particular scope of his automobile business, and he took control of it.
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The 1st "automobile" Carl Borgward designed was the 1924 Blitzkarren (super cart), a sort of teeny three-wheeled van with only two hp (1. 5 kW), which was an enormous success on the market gap it filled. Traders with a small budget purchased for delivery. The Reichspost ordered quite a few for postal service.In 1929, Borgward became the home of Hansa Lloyd AG having had time to merge his "Goliath-Werke Borgward & Company. " with "Hansa-Lloyd. The small Goliath-Blitzkarren had by now evolved into the even now three wheeler timber presented synthetic leather bodied 5 or even 7 hp Goliath Pioneer. Borgward turned his awareness of the other businesses and led the development in the Hansa Konsul. In February 1937, there came the brand new Hansa Borgward 2000 in addition to in 1939 the title was shortened to Borgward 2000. The 2000 model was and then the Borgward 2300that remained in production until 1942.After World War II, in 1946 Carl Borgward used many of the brand names from firms he had acquired over the years to found three separate companies: Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd. This was intended to increase how much steel allocated to his business at any given time of austerity and rationing. For many purposes the companies would be run to be a single entity, but in a business operated by the man to whom delegation didn't come naturally the growth of legal entities even so added unhelpful layers of complexity with the 1950s and encouraged a broadening of the range which ultimately proved financially unsustainable while using sales volumes achievable. In 1949 company shown the Borgward Hansa 1500.One of the top engineers at Borgward through 1938-1952 was Dipl. Ing. Hubert M. Meingast.Production of the Borgward Isabella started out in 1954. The Isabella would become Borgward's most favored model and remained in production with the life of the company. In 1960 the Borgward P100 ended up being introduced, equipped with pneumatic suspension.Borgward introduced a line of 1500 cc sports racers inside the late 1950s, with the 16-valve engine from these transforming into a successful Formula Two power unit (that has been also used by several F1 privateers in 1961).Although Borgward pioneered technical novelties inside the German market such since air suspension and programmed transmission, the company had trouble competing out there. While larger companies such as Opel and VW took benefit of economies of scale as well as kept their prices low to find market share, Borgward's cost structure was even beyond necessary for its dimension, as it basically controlled as four tiny independent companies and not implemented such basic price reduction strategies as combined development and parts sharing between your company's makes. Borgward suffered quality problems at the same time. The Lloyd Arabella was technically advanced to be a water-cooled boxer with top wheel drive, but plagued with problems such as water leakage and gearbox errors. Lloyd lost money on the car though it was more expensive when compared with its direct competitors.In 1961, the company was compelled into liquidation by creditors. Carl Borgward died inside July 1963, still insisting the company was technically solvent. This proved to be true inside sense that after your creditors were paid completely, there was still several. 5 million Marks left from the business.
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Reports of difficulties at Borgward surfaced in the article that appeared within Germany's leading news newspaper, “Der Spiegel” on 14 December 1960”. The very long, detailed, and in places similar Spiegel article was highlighted by means of a picture of Borgward, cigar in mouth, on the magazine’s entry cover. It was strongly critical of Carl Borgward's organization approach, and included many of the arguments later advanced to spell out or justify the company's demise. The widest range involving cars from any supplier in Germany, produced by three until eventually recently operationally autonomous companies (Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd) had been supporting a turnover of only 650 million Grades, placing the overall sales value on the combined Borgward auto organizations only in fifth location among Germany's auto-makers. The 70-year-old Carl Borgward's "hands-on" insistence on an increasingly manic proliferation connected with new and modified versions featuring adventurous, but under-developed technological innovative developments ("fast manisch[e] Konstruierwut") afforded rise to components which many times did not work, broke down or droped apart, resulting in massive costs for pre-delivery remediation and/or publish delivery warranty work that found their way back to the company.The December 1960 Spiegel article wasn't the only serious general public criticism targeting Borgward at this time: suddenly stridently negative (in the event more succinct) comments also resulted in in the influential mass-market Bild classifieds and in television reviews. Critical media commentaries likewise appeared concerning large loans towards the Borgward Group provided from the local Landesbank.It is apparent how the business was confronting cash-flow difficulties at the conclusion of 1960. Capital intensive businesses such as auto manufacturing use his or her expensive machines and tools most efficiently whenever they use them constantly from full capacity, but the car market in Europe inside 1950s/60s was more periodic than today, with sales diminishing within Winter, then peaking in early summer months: Borgward’s inventory of unsold cars by the end of 1960 was greater than usual, reflecting ambitious growth plans, most obviously in respect of the usa market[11] The December 1960 Spiegel article speculated that in the 15, 000 Borgward cars ordered by the North American dealers in 1960 (and on the 12, 000 delivered to these individuals) 6, 000 might have for being taken back following a slump in United states demand. (Borgward was not the only European auto maker hit by a North American slump popular for imported cars during 1960. In the same year two ships carrying Renault Dauphines were turned last mid-Atlantic because the docks in Nyc were overcrowded with unsold Dauphines.
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Towards the end of December 1960 Borgward approached the lending company for a further one particular million Marks of credit, the loan to be backed by a guarantee from the Bremen regional government which initially the Bremen senators decided to provide. However, following the flood associated with critical press comment the particular senators withdrew their assurance. They now required Carl Borgward to pledge this company itself to the state in substitution for the guarantee. After a tense 13-hour meeting widely reported inside a still hostile media, Borgward agreed to your senate’s terms on four February 1961, thereby averting the bankruptcy from the business.The Bremen Senate also insisted on appointing a unique nominee as chairman of the company’s supervisory board. The man they decided was Johannes Semler to whom reports generally describe being a “Wirtschaftsprüfer” (public auditor), though this designation, especially once translated straight into English, does less than full justice to the breadth of Semler’s occupation. He had studied legislations at university and worked initially as a lawyer. The scion of a top Hamburg political family, in 1945 he acquired himself been a founding person in the centre-right CSU bash, and was a member of the Bundestag between 1950 along with 1953. Despite his Hamburg roots, Semler was by this time around based in Munich, with a network of contacts inside Bavarian establishment that likely included fellow CSU politician and also the future German chancellor, Ludwig Erhard, who in 1948 had succeeded Semler in a top administrative position within the Bizone. The appointment of Johannes Semler because the representative of the Bremen senators to help chair the Borgward supervisory aboard would, in retrospect, contribute to the controversy that followed the Borgward personal bankruptcy.
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About 28 July 1961 Semler, as Chairman of this supervisory board joined the directors with the three companies Borgward, Goliath and Lloyd to instigate proceedings for that establishment of a “Vergleichsverfahren”, which would have provided to get a court sanctioned scheme of arrangement enabling this company to continue to trade while at the same time protecting the interests involving creditors. [16] Two months later on, however, in September 1961, the Borgward and Goliath firms were declared bankrupt, followed in November with the Lloyd business. Subsequent “conspiracy theorists” include suggested that Semler, for reasons of their own, never had any objective of allowing the Borgward auto-businesses to help survive.
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